The Mediation Process Involved in Age Discrimination Claims

Many federal and state laws like the Age Discrimination in Employment Act prohibit discrimination on the basis of age when the alleged aggrieved party is age 40 or older. Rather than going through an expensive and time-consuming process, many parties agree to participate in mediation.

Mediation is an alternative to the litigation system. This informal process involves using a trained mediator who is tasked with assisting the parties to reach a mutually satisfactory agreement after a claim of discrimination or harassment is made. The mediator is not a judge or arbitrator; he or she does not impose a decision on the parties. Instead, he or she helps the parties reach a negotiated settlement and reconcile their differences.

Mediation can be scheduled early in the process before the parties become grounded in their adversarial positions. This allows them to resolve misunderstandings, clarify issues and explore options to resolve the matter before incurring significant legal expenses or negative ramifications because of the dispute. The mediation process involves the parties working together to satisfy their mutual goals.
The parties may be separated during part of the process during which time the mediator will discuss the weaknesses of their legal position and the potential consequences of continued litigation. This helps the parties have a better understanding of the stakes involved in their case and the real consequences of not reaching an agreement on their own terms.

In mediation, the parties are welcome to reach any agreement that is legal. They are not stunted by the limited remedies available in court. This factor may help them to agree to implementing new policies, reinstating a worker, transferring a worker or using some other creative solution to solve the problem.

Signs of Age Discrimination in the Workplace

By law, employees cannot be discriminated against in the workplace based on their age. This means that someone cannot be overlooked for a promotion, terminated, or not hired because they have passed what is considered “prime” working years. As long as that person is qualified to do the job, he or she must be treated just as any other employees, younger or older.

Despite the laws against discrimination, older people report facing discrimination. An AARP survey reported that two-thirds of all workers over the age of 45 believe they have experienced discrimination or seen other older employees deal with discrimination. Many even reported that in certain industry, employees 35 and older had been discriminated against.

Age Discrimination Laws

First, it is important to understand who receives protection under the ADEA’s age discrimination laws.

Discrimination against employees age 40 years or older who work in companies with at least 20 employees (25 if it is a labor organization) or who work for a federal, local, or state government agency, or who apply with an employment agency are protected against age discrimination. Acts that are frequent, create a hostile work environment, or result in the demotion or firing of a person are illegal.

How do you recognize age discrimination in the workplace? Here are 4 signs:

1. Insults or Demeaning Comments
This is likely the most overt and easy-to-spot example of age discrimination. If co-workers or supervisors make jokes about your age or about age in general, it could be a sign of discrimination. These “micro-aggressions” in and of themselves might not be illegal, but they are a telling symptom of the attitude in the workplace toward older workers.

If a company tolerates a hostile work environment targeting older workers, it is not difficult to believe they would also treat those workers differently when it comes to hiring, firing, and assignments.

2. Hiring Patterns
If it seems as though every time your company hires a new employee that employee is young and less qualified than other candidates, there could be a serious problem. Another indicator that there might be covert discrimination is when people in charge of hiring refer to older employers as “overqualified.”

3. Changes in Work Assignments, Responsibilities, or Upward Mobility
If you have been with a company for some time and usually treated well, but you notice things shift as you get older, you might be dealing with a problem. Has a recent promotion gone to a younger co-worker even though you were more qualified? Have your recent assignments been lighter than and maybe not as meaningful as they were a few years ago? You should consider the prospect you’re dealing with discrimination.

4. Feeling Encouraged to Retire
If someone at your company has spoken to you about possibly retiring it could be a sign of discrimination. Offering someone a retirement package is not automatically discrimination, but if you feel forced to take the package or you are penalized for opting out of the package and staying in your position, it is discrimination. It is also illegal for companies to enact a mandatory retirement age unless it’s a specific field, such as law enforcement.

Jacqueline Armstrong

www.armstrongatlaw.com

How Mediation Can Help Your Business Avoid Going to Court

Disputes are inevitable in business. They can arise at any time even under the best of circumstances and might involve vendors, employees, or your partners or members of your board of directors. Dispute can be difficult to resolve and tend to be time-consuming, expensive, and a disruption for your business.

One of the most common approaches to resolving a dispute is litigation. Taking the matter to court can bring an end to a dispute, but this often takes a long time, costs a lot of money, and can be damaging to the reputations of everyone involved.

Luckily, there is a better option. Mediation can help you resolve disputes more effectively.

How does the mediation process work for businesses and why is it considered the better option?

Mediation is a Faster process
According to statistics, mediation has a settlement rate of nearly 90 percent and about a three quarters of the cases resolved successfully are completed within a single day. Mediation also makes it possible to save money in legal fees, avoid wasting time, and promote long-term mutually beneficial relationships once the dispute is resolved.

Mediation Gives Disputing Parties Control
When you go to court to resolve a business dispute, you put your fate into the hands of a judge. The judge’s goal is to be impartial and offer a solution that seems fair, but he or she has relatively limited knowledge of your business. The best people to resolve a dispute are those directly involved and who are directly affected by the outcome.

In commercial mediation, both parties agree to bring in a mediator who oversees the process and facilitates a resolution. This person has no authority to levy a decision and cannot even force parties to participate in the process. The parties involved in the dispute remain in total control of the situation.

Mediation is Private
Mediation is an entirely confidential process, which can be especially beneficial for businesses hoping to protect their reputations. Nothing discussed in mediation can later be used against either party in litigation and nothing is made public unless the parties both agree to release the information. The agreement can even be confidential if the parties so choose.

Mediation offers a facilitative and respectful means by which to resolve business disputes. When a matter is resolved in the courtroom, it is all but guaranteed that parties will walk away combatants. After all, one is a winner and the other a loser.

With mediation, it is possible for everyone to feel as though they have won and the process is not considered a success until everyone is satisfied with the outcome. This makes it not only possible but also probable that mutually beneficial relationships will continue to exist beyond the dispute. Additionally, parties have the tools needed to avoid conflict in the future and to resolve problems on their own if they should arise. Mediation is truly one of the most beneficial tools available for businesses.

If you would like to know more about how mediation can help your business, contact R.E. Thompson at 505-848-1821.

R.E. Thompson | Dispute Resolution
www.thompsonmediationgroup.com

How an Expert Witness Can Assist an Attorney in a Child Abuse Case

Child abuse cases tend to be emotional and extremely complex. It is essential everyone involved in the decision-making in a child abuse case have a keen understanding of the issues involved. An expert witness can assist an attorney who is handling a child abuse case and can serve as a valuable resource for the jury and the judge.

What is the role of an expert witness in a child abuse case?

Expert witnesses in child abuse cases ensure that there is accurate information given to jurors involved in making decisions.

Child abuse cases can be very challenging. They frequently include issues that pose challenges to effective prosecution including the lack of hard evidence. They typically do not have any third-party eyewitness testimony and can contain unambiguous medical or physical evidence. There might be delays in disclosing a crime, or contradictory or inconsistent statements and recantation given by victims.

In many instances, this would mean the case does not meet the legal standard necessary for a conviction, but child abuse cases might be handled differently. There are varying studies regarding how reliable a child’s testimony is and it is important for an expert witness to help the jury understand how seriously to take a child’s account of an event.

An expert witness can be useful or necessary for educating jurors about facts they might not otherwise know and for providing research-based testimony to correct misunderstandings that exist among jurors. Juror knowledge and experience is going to vary from case to case. Expert testimony can be useful in helping jurors evaluate the testimony of a child witness or other important evidence.

Expert witnesses can also clear up misconceptions about abuse in general. For instance, more than half of jurors in previous cases believed that most children sustain physical injuries from sexually abuse, even though this is not the case. Others there should be physical evidence to substantiate the allegation. Others have expressed their opinion that children often resist abuse in most cases and they allowed their misconceptions and predetermined stereotypes of who is capable of abusing children to interfere with their verdicts.

It has been common place for jurors to demonstrate a lack of accurate knowledge concerning a variety of topics including:

  • Children’s memory capabilities
  • Proper interview techniques
  • Professionals’ inability to accurately detect
    child sexual abuse
  • Symptoms of child sexual abuse
  • The fact that some children believe the
    fictitious events they describe
  • That some children invent stories of having been
    sexually abused in the absence of such

Allegations of child sexual abuse tend to be extremely complex to prosecute and to defend. These cases often require specialized knowledge about children’s reactions to sexual abuse, as well as proper forensic interviewing procedures. This is the only way for a jury to accurately weigh evidence in these cases. And despite most jurors having at least some accurate knowledge regarding specific issues of child sexual abuse, there are still a great many gaps in their knowledge. An expert witness can help to strengthen the case an attorney is presenting and make it easier for a jury to make an informed ruling.

For more information or to speak to Lori Kornblum about your case, contact her at 414.331.3165.

Lori Kornblum
www.lorikornblumlaw.com

Thinking and Acting through Problem Resolution

Conflicts often involve a great deal of tension and emotion. This means it can be tough to think clearly and make smart decisions, even if you would usually be capable of acting reasonably. Conflict causes your high order mental processes to go haywire and cause you to have aggressive reactions that escalate a problem. The reason for this is feeling helpless and scared, but the outcome is a conflict that has spiraled out of control.

The good news is it is possible to regain control of the situation and gain traction in a dispute. Achieving a state of police assertiveness can turn a tense situation into one that is focused on problem solving. When people see you as someone who is quietly confident, their desire is more about pleasing you and winning your favor than it is about winning or overpowering you. One of the best ways to achieve this state is by identifying someone’s underlying needs by asking questions and staying focused on the main issue. These are things mediators try to do when working with disputing parties on resolving a problem.

What are some of the questions a mediator might ask to achieve this position of facilitator and make it easier for disputing parties to resolve an issue?

What was the event that started the conflict? Identifying when a person began to lose his or her faith in the other party can be very effective for moving a dispute forward. It can also help to identify if the problem in one person’s view is not the same as the other.

What are your deepest values and/or priorities? For instance, does one party value time while the other values money? Is one person looking for a strong bond that comes through honesty while the other just wants to avoid an argument, even if it means a shallower connection? Does someone value creativity while the other one value competency? Identifying priorities can help you determine each person’s point of view and can help you help each person understand themselves and their dispute partner better.

Are there things you already agree on? Most of the time this is the case in a dispute – there is already some common ground. What is the strongest disagreement? It can help to address this first or to get a few smaller wins before conquering the biggest hurdle.

If an agreement is not possible, what comes next? One of the most powerful tools a mediator has is the knowledge of what follows a failed mediation. Sometimes explaining this to disputing parties is enough to push them into being more open-minded about negotiations.

What is your role in the conflict? How would you describe the other person’s role? These descriptions can clarify a lot about perception and help parties figure out where they stand.

Remember, everyone involved in a dispute is already feeling insecure or anxious. Boosting their confidence and giving them traction can make it easier to resolve the matter. Allowing one or both parties to resort to bullying or arrogance throws everything off course and undermines the ultimate goal of mediation.

If you would like to know more about mediation or you have questions about whether it could help in your situation, contact Michael Metcalf at 214-890-9270.

Michael Metcalf
www.metcalfmediation.com

10 Commandments for Resolving Construction Disputes

Below, are the Ten Commandments that can help you avoid problems during construction projects and resolve those that do arise.

    1. Have Clear Contracts

The best way to avoid construction problems is to have clear contracts that set out the rights and responsibilities of both parties. Carefully read through the contracts and negotiate favorable terms in case a problem does arise.

    2. Anticipate Problems

It is common for some type of problem to arise during a construction project, whether that means that weather delays the work, materials cost more than expected, or an unexpected problem with the property arises. Be sure that you include provisions in your contract that address these potential issues.

    3. Structure Payments

Some project managers make the mistake of pre-paying for work or paying too much for the amount of work that has been completed. Funds that are advanced should not exceed the value of work that has been completed.

    4. Secure the Work

Many contractors choose to secure their work through the issuance of a mechanic’s lien. To protect your rights, you will need to carefully follow the filling deadlines and notice requirements.

    5. Formalize Contract Changes

If there are add-ons or change orders, be sure that you get these contract changes in writing. Your contract probably requires changes to be in writing, so be sure you follow this directive.

    6. Resolve Problems Early On

If problems do arise, address them early on. Letting them fester can cause the parties to solidify their positions against each other and make it more difficult to resolve the problem.

    7. Pick the Right Mediator

If you have a problem that cannot easily be resolved through direct communication or negotiation, mediation is an effective way to resolve disputes that arise during construction projects that allow the parties to maintain the contract and work together to resolve the problem. Selecting the right mediator is pivotal to the successful resolution of your case. Neil Robertson has extensive experience mediating construction and commercial matters and can help you resolve your dispute in an amicable manner.

    8. Participate in Mediation in Good Faith

Once you are at mediation, it is important that you participate in the process in good faith to get the full value of this process.

    9. Keep an Open Mind

One of the biggest benefits of mediation is the ability of the parties to create terms of an agreement that may not otherwise be available through litigation. For example, the parties may agree to modify the contract, agree to future business together or agree to use a particular subcontractor as a way to resolve the conflict. Keep an open mind and be flexible to get the most out of the mediation process.

    10. Document Your Agreement

After you successfully mediate your dispute, be sure that you get your full agreement in writing. You will walk out of mediation with a customized agreement.

Neil Robertson
www.robertsonmediationflorida.com

The Family Mediation Process – Step by Step Guide

Family mediation continues to grow in popularity for couples that are divorcing and dealing with other legal disputes. The process makes it easier to resolve conflict and reach agreements about custody, financial matters, and other issues.

Mediation involves various steps, including:

Receiving the Mediation Referral

Step one is to get a referral for mediation and to a mediator. This can come from the court or from either party’s lawyer. In some situations, mediation will be arranged without much input from the participants, while in other cases they are free to choose the date, time, location, and mediator.

Information and Assessment

The next step allows the mediator to familiarize him or herself with the situation. The mediator typically meets with each party individually and assesses whether mediation is suitable for the circumstance. The mediator will determine if both parties are entering mediation in good faith and whether they will be able to make headway. Mediation is a voluntary process, but this does not mean everyone will enter the process willing to negotiation. The part of the mediation might occur in a separate meeting or on the same day as the mediation but earlier.

Mediation Sessions

Next comes the heart of the mediation. This is when the mediator brings everyone together to discuss the situation and potential resolutions. The mediator’s job is to facilitate communication between the parties and ensure they stay on track and keep the end goal in mind. Each party will be given an opportunity to share his or her concerns and opinions and the mediator will encourage everyone to consider pros and cons of each possible outcome.

The goal of the mediator is to keep the focus on the matter or matters at hand and to help the parties reach an overall consensus that satisfies everyone. As much as couples might want to resolve their issues in mediation, the situations are usually charged emotionally, and the situations can spiral out of control quickly. The mediator works to prevent this from happening and does his or her best to keep the process positive and productive.

Documentation of the Agreement

If mediation proves successful in resolving the family’s issues, the mediator will draft a record which summarizes the issues discussed and the resolutions decided upon. If mediation makes progress but has not fully resolved the matter, the mediator will document what was resolved and what is still outstanding for an upcoming session.

If the situation is unable to be fully resolved, parties can use the documentation to avoid a lengthy court battle over issues they agreed upon. However, the discussions that take place during mediation are confidential, so both parties must agree to move forward in the same manner.

Any documents in mediation do not become legally binding until all parties have agreed. It is then presented to the court for final approval.

Mediation can be extremely effective for resolving family legal matters peacefully. For more information or to schedule a time to speak to Hal Wotitzky about the benefits of family mediation, contact him at 941-621 4249.

Hal Wotitzky
www.callthemediator.com